The main parts of the starter and maintenance method

The main parts of the starter and maintenance method

The working principle of starter can be explainned by the operating principle of its main component dc motor.A direct current motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy,based on the principle that electrically charged conductors are subjected to electromagnetic force in a magnetic field.Its working principle is shown in the figure.Because the toque generated by a coil is too small and the rotational speed is unstable,in face, there are a lot of coils around the armature of the motor,and the number of commutator segments also increases with the increase of the coil.The ensures sufficient torque and steady speeed.

Electromagnetic switch

Electromagnetic switch, as the name suggests, is the electromagnet control of the switch, is the combination of electromagnet and switch. When the electromagnet coil is energized, electromagnetic suction is generated, and the movable iron core pushes or pulls the switch contact to close, so as to connect the control circuit. Electromagnetic switches have a wide range of applications in various industries, the most common is the industrial field of contactors. Electromagnetic switch is the control on the starter switch, is the starter (dc motor, drive meshing mechanism, electromagnetic switch) one of the three major components, its working principle is electromagnetic suction, after electrify coil making activity core, thus on the one hand, pull the drive meshing mechanism make the reach starter pinion and engine flywheel ring gear meshing, push the switch contact through on the other hand, To electrify a DC motor so as to start the engine.
Curing method:
(1) The storage temperature of the electromagnetic switch in storage and transportation should be between -40 and +65℃.
(2) In order to prevent dust, rust and damage, please keep the electromagnetic switch in the bale state.
(3) Considering the moisture absorption problem, do not place the electromagnetic switch on the concrete floor, but should avoid direct sunlight on the shelf or base for storage.
(4) Please avoid placing the electromagnetic switch in humid environment for a long time.
(5) Please do not put the electromagnetic switch in the environment containing hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S), sulfite gas (SC), chlorine gas (CL2) and other corrosive gases.
(6) The use of electromagnetic switches in high temperature and humid environment may cause coil burning, abnormal sound, misoperation and other faults. And coil temperature rise will make the iron core rust. Therefore, in order to avoid failure, the countermeasures used at the right temperature are very important. For example, we can install the cooling fan in the control cabinet, and add a ceiling on the outdoor control cabinet.

The stator

The stationary part of the motor. The stator is the stationary part of the motor. The stator is composed of three parts: stator core, stator windings and machine base.
The main role of the stator is to generate a rotating magnetic field, and the main role of the rotor is to be cut by the magnetic line in the rotating magnetic field and then generate (output) current.
Curing method:
Stator maintenance: coil stator with 4 group, there are four carbon brush and carbon brush on four pressure spring, the carbon brush to remove from under the pressure spring, carbon brush can be combined with the copper head in faceted light grinding (curved), the stator's back cover is starter (back cover), is another maintenance point (the end of the rotor shaft), filling in the back cover of grease.

The rotor

A rotor is a rotating body supported by a bearing. An object, such as a disc, which has no rotation axis of its own, can be regarded as a rotor when it is rigidly connected or attached to the shaft.
The main rotor rotates at high speed, and the shaft deflection occurs when the speed is close to the critical speed. And even mechanical damage due to resonance. The natural frequency of the transverse vibration of the rotor is multi-order, so its corresponding critical speed is also multi-order. When the working speed of the rotor is lower than the first-order critical speed, it is called rigid rotor, while the working speed of the rotor is higher than the first-order critical speed, it is called flexible rotor.
The working speed of any type of rotor shall not be close to the critical speed. The critical speed of the rotor depends on its manufacturing material, structural form, geometric size, bearing characteristics and other factors.

Curing method:

The head position of the rotor (with the flywheel) can be pulled out from the sleeve, and the slide of the flywheel is filled with grease, and the grease is filled in the sleeve. The tail position of the rotor is commonly known as the "copper head", (the copper head is the joint point with the carbon brush), can be gently ground with fine sandpaper, to be entered.
    The carbon brush holder
The function of the carbon brush holder is to apply pressure to the carbon brush in sliding contact with the surface of the commutator or collector ring through the spring, so that it can conduct current stably between the fixed body and the rotating body. Brush frame and carbon brush are very important parts for motor.
The structure of the brush frame is composed of a brush box part that keeps the carbon brush in a specified position, a pressurized part that presses the carbon brush with appropriate pressure to prevent vibration of the carbon brush, a frame part that connects the brush box and the pressurized part, and a fixed part that fixes the brush frame to the motor.
Curing method:
Clean and ash regularly, keep the carbon brush and commutator slip ring clean, in case of windy weather, otherwise it must be cleaned in time.
Check and accept newly purchased carbon brushes. Measure the inherent resistance of the carbon brush and the contact resistance of the carbon brush lead. Resistance values shall meet manufacturer and national standards. Strictly grasp the process of replacing the carbon brush. Carbon brushes used in the same device must be the same, can not be mixed.
Strengthen the maintenance quality and operation control, avoid turbine oil due to poor maintenance quality or improper operation adjustment in the process of unit operation leakage on the collector ring, increase the contact resistance between the carbon brush and the collector ring.
The maintenance personnel must be very careful during the inspection and maintenance. The braid should be placed in the hat and the cuffs should be buttoned to prevent clothing and wiping material from getting caught in the machine.

Rear cover

Can reduce magnetic leakage and has the advantages of light, good heat dissipation performance. In order to improve the mechanical strength of the bearing hole and increase its wear resistance, a steel sleeve is embedded in the bearing seat hole of the end cover. One or two component plates are fixed in the rear end cover, and the positive output line of the generator is output by the screw insulating sleeve on the positive component plate through the hole on the rear end cover, and the rear end cover is also equipped with a brush holder.
Curing method:
(1) When the thermal protection of the aluminum motor continuously occurs, it should be found out whether the fault comes from the aluminum motor or overload or the setting value of the protection device is too low. After the fault is eliminated, it can be put into operation.
(2) The operating environment should always be kept dry, the surface of the motor should be kept clean, and the air inlet should not be hindered by dust and fiber.
(3) When the life of the bearing ends, the vibration and noise of the motor operation will increase significantly. When the radial clearance of the bearing reaches the following values, the bearing should be replaced.
(4) It should be ensured that the aluminum shell motor is well lubricated during operation. Generally, the motor runs for about 5000 hours, that is, the grease should be supplemented or replaced. When the bearing is found to be overheating or lubricating deterioration in operation, the hydraulic grease should be changed in time. When replacing the grease, the old lubricating oil should be removed, and the oil groove of the bearing and bearing cover should be washed with gasoline, and then the ZL-3 lithium grease should be filled with 1/2(to 2 poles) and 2/3(to 4, 6 and 8 poles) of the cavity between the inner and outer rings of the bearing.
(5) When replacing the windings, the form, size, number of turns and wire gauge of the original winding must be recorded. When these data are lost, they should be obtained from the manufacturer to change the original design windings at will, which often deteriorates the performance of one or several items of the aluminum shell motor, or even can not be used.
(6) When removing the motor, the rotor can be removed from the extended end or the non-extended end of the shaft. If it is not necessary to remove the fan, it is more convenient to remove the rotor from the non-axial extension. When removing the rotor from the stator, the stator windings or insulation should be prevented from being damaged.

Any experence

The ignition switch is connected to the power supply, and then the electromagnetic switch works, pushing the fork in front of the electromagnetic switch, and the other end of the fork is stuck in the one-way clutch (that is, the motor teeth) below, the one-way clutch is pushed out (into the flywheel teeth of the engine). The gears of the unidirectional clutch turn the flywheel of the engine and the engine works.
PS: While the electromagnetic switch is working, the armature in the motor rotates. There are keyways in the position where the armature is installed in the unidirectional clutch, and there are keyways in the unidirectional clutch, forcing the unidirectional clutch to also push forward.
After the engine starts, release the ignition switch, the armature of the electromagnetic switch stops working, and the unidirectional clutch returns along the spline on the armature.
If the ignition switch is not released after the engine starts, it may cause the starter to burn out, damage to the one-way clutch and damage to the engine flywheel teeth.
Curing method:
Number one: Regular is important.
Organize maintenance regularly. From the gear maintenance cycle, according to the use of the field, frequency and wear related. Before organization maintenance, you can check the quality of maintenance oil, if the quality does not meet the requirements of use, should be replaced in time. Of course, the selection of maintenance oil also pay attention to. Especially precision gear maintenance, should choose the specified oil. If the oil technical indicators do not meet the use requirements, the maintenance effect can not be reached, thus affecting its normal use.
Second: wear to replace in time
When wear is found, timely maintenance shall be organized. If the gear is used relatively frequently, there will be wear and tear. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen the maintenance, otherwise it will aggravate the wear and eventually cause damage to the gear. When removing and installing, use special tools. The gear needs to be removed and installed during maintenance. Be sure to use special tools, and in accordance with the disassembly steps and process organization, to avoid blind recklessness caused by gear damage. For unfamiliar users, to find professional maintenance, to avoid disassembly is not in place to affect its use.
Gear maintenance is an important means to maintain good performance and prolong service life. At present, some users have the situation of heavy use light maintenance, we must change the concept, effectively strengthen the maintenance consciousness. Of course, the first maintenance, to learn and understand the maintenance of common sense, master the maintenance process and standards, to ensure that the maintenance in place.

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